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7 Monetary Policy Tools in hands of RBI

Published on Monday, April 03, 2017
One of the major functions of RBI (Reserve bank of India) is to control inflation and liquidity in the economy. Today I am going to discuss various tools with RBI that directly impacts the money supply in the economy.

Cash Reserve Ratio

CRR is the minimum percentage of deposits with commercial banks that they need to deposit with the central bank of RBI.

Impact of  increased CRR

Positive impact - It is a quick fix to control inflation. By increasing CRR, commercial banks need to deposit more money with RBI. Thus commercial banks left with less money. Now loans become dearer, so people have less money. As 

Less money with Commercial banks → Less money with people → Lower demand for goods and services → Lower prices

Higher CRR simply sucks money from the economy.

Impact of decreased CRR

More money with Commercial banks → More money with people → Higher demand for good sand services → Higher prices 

CRR should be aligned with supply and production levels. If people are producing more then they deserve to spend more. Decreased CRR provides a short term fix as it increases demand for short term.

Statutory liquidity ratio

This is the percentage of liabilities and time deposits that commercial banks need to keep with them in form of cash, gold or government approved securities.

Impact of increase in SLR

Commercial banks need to keep more liquid funds  Provides less loans to people  Lower demand for good sand services → Lower prices 

Impact on decrease in SLR

Commercial banks need to keep less liquid funds  Provides more loans to people  Higher demand for good sand services → Higher prices 

Repo and Reverse Repo rates

Repo rate

It is the rate at which RBI lends money to commercial banks against securities in case commercial banks fall short of funds.

Reverse Repo Rate

Rate at which RBI borrows money from commercial banks.

Impact 
If commercial banks get more money they will lend more money to people which will lead more demand in economy. Thus prices will increase.

Bank rate

It is a rate at which RBI lends money to commercial banks without any security

Impact

When bank rate is increased interest rate also increases which have negative impact on demand thus prices increases.

Marginal Standing Funding

By this mechanism commercial banks can get loans from RBI for their emergency needs. Commercial banks can take loan only upto 1% of their liabilities and time deposits. 

Open market operations

Buying and selling government securities and bonds in order to manage liquidity in the economy.

Impact of purchasing securities

More money in economy  More demand  Higher growth rate

Impact of selling

Less money in economy  Less demand  Lower prices

Conclusion

Many economist says effect of "More demand" is higher growth rate while some says higher prices. While it is actually state of economy.  Money supply should be aligned with production rate. 
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About Me

Ramandeep Singh

Ramandeep Singh - Educator

I'm Ramandeep Singh, your guide to banking and insurance exams. With 14 years of experience and over 5000 successful selections, I understand the path to success firsthand, having transitioned from Dena Bank and SBI. I'm passionate about helping you achieve your banking and insurance dreams.

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