Poverty Alleviation Programs By Indian Govt

Poverty Alleviation Programs By Indian Government

Government of India has started various poverty alleviation programmes of basically two types:

Encouraging self-employment
Providing supplementary wage employment

“Garibi hatao” slogan was adopted during Fifth five year plan.
Planning commission in 2012 reduced the poverty line to Rs- 28.65 per capita daily consumption in cities and Rs- 22.42 in rural areas.

Followings are some schemes of Poverty alleviation:

Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP):

To eliminate rural poverty by providing income-generated assets to the poorest of the poor.
Started in 1978-79.
Main aim is to create sustainable opportunities for self-employment in the rural sector.
Assistance is given in the form of subsidy by the government.
It is funded on 50:50 basis by the centre and the state.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA):

Came into force in 2006.
It was later modified as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in October 2, 2009.
It is an Indian labour law and social security measure that aims to guarantee the “right to work”.
It was started to enhance the livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year.
If work is not provided within 15 days of applying, applicants are entitled to an unemployment allowance.
Recently, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley announced Rs- 48000cr for the MGNREGA.

National Maternity Benefit Scheme:

It is for the family below the poverty line.
Implemented by states and union territories.
It provides a sum of Rs-500 to a pregnant woman for the first two live births.
It was later changed into Janani Suraksha Yojana with Rs-1440 for every institutional birth.

National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS):

To provide pension to old people, above the age of 65.
Came into effect on 15 august 1995.
Initially, 200 rupees per month was given but later it was changed to 500 rupees as per as 2011-12 budget.

Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY):

It is a comprehensive version of previously launched “Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY)”.
Started on 1 April 1999.
Main objective: - For the development of rural areas.
Secondary objective: - To give out sustained wage employment.
This was only for the below poverty line.

National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS):

Started in August 1955.
Sponsored by the state government.
Later it was transferred to the state sector scheme from 2002-03.
It is under the community and rural development.
It provides a sum of 20000 rupees to a person of family who becomes the head of the family after the death of its primary breadwinner.

Annapurna:

Started in 1999-2000 by the central government.
Rs-100cr was allocated during 2000-01.
It mostly covers groups of “poorest of the poor” and “indigent senior citizens”.

Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana

It was started in 1999–2000.
This scheme aimed at creating housing for everyone.
It aimed at creating 20 lakh housing units out of which 13 lakhs were in rural area.

Aajeevika Grameen Express Yojana (AGEY)

It is a part of Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY-NRLM).
This will help to provide safe, affordable and community monitored rural transport services to connect remote villages with key services and amenities

Employment Generation Schemes in India

MGNREGA:

Already discussed above.

Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY):

Started in 1999.
For the self-employment of the rural poor.
Later it became IRDP.

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY):

Started on 25 December 2000.
Comes under the authority of the minister of rural development.

Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar:

Started on 1 December, 1997.
To provide employment to urban unemployed and under-employed through the set up of self-employment ventures.
Centrally sponsored.

Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP):

To generate continuous and sustainable employment opportunities in rural and urban areas.
Announced on 15 August 2008 by PM.

Food for Work Programme:

It was started in 2001 to provide food through wage employment in the drought affected areas in eight states.

Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY):

It came in existence by merging Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY) and Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS).
Launched in September 2001.
To provide additional wage employment in the rural areas.

Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP):

It was started in 1983
The aim was to provide employment to landless farmers and labourers.

Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojna:

The cabinet on March 21, 2015 cleared the scheme to provide skill training to 1.4 million youth with an overall outlay of Rs. 1120 crore.
This plan is implemented with the help of Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship through the National Skill Development Corporation.
It will focus on fresh entrant to the labour market, especially labour market and class X and XII dropouts.

Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY):

HRIDAY scheme was launched in 21 Jan. 2015.
To preserve and rejuvenate the rich cultural heritage of the country.