Rural Development Schemes introduced in Union Budget 2021
- Rs. 64,180 crore outlay over 6 years for PM AatmaNirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana – a new centrally sponsored scheme to be launched, in addition to NHM
- Main interventions under PM AatmaNirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana:
- National Institution for One Health
- 17,788 rural and 11,024 urban Health and Wellness Center
Inclusive Development for Aspirational India
- Rural Infrastructure Development Fund to be enhanced to Rs. 40,000 crore from Rs. 30,000 crore.
1. Water Conservative Schemes:
(a) ‘Jal Shakti Abhiyan'
- Approved by- Union Ministries and State Governments
- Launched by- Union Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat
- Ministry- Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS)
- Aim: To provide drinking water to every household on priority and in a sustainable manner.
- Description: Its focus areas are water-stressed districts (256) and blocks (1592). The Campaign is centred on 5 aspects:
- Water conservation and rainwater harvesting
- Renovation of traditional and other water bodies/tanks
- Reuse of water and recharging of structures such as bore-wells
- Watershed development
- Intensive Afforestation
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(b) Atal Bhoojal Yojana
- Ministry-Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti
- The outlay of the scheme- Rs.6,000 crores with the help of World Bank
- Duration-5 years
- Implemented on: 24th December 2019
- Aim: To improve groundwater management through community participation in identified priority areas in seven states.
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(c) Jal Jeevan Mission
- Mission: Jal Jeevan mission
- Estimated Budget: More than Rs. 3.5 lakh crore
- Ministry: Ministry of Jal Shakti
- Aim: To provide drinking water connections to all homes by 2024 and also to solve the two problems faced by Indian Women i.e. lack of water and lack of toilets.
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(d) Samagra Shiksha-Jal Suraksha
- Launched by: Union HRD Minister Sh. Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ and Union Minister for Jal Shakti Sh. Gajendra Singh Shekhawat
- Launched on: 9th August 2019
- Ministry: Ministry of Human Resource Development
- Aim: To create awareness about water conservation among them and aims to connect more than 10 crore students with this programme.
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2. Gram Panchayat Development Plan (Gdpd)-Sabki Yojana, Sabka Vikas
- Launched by: Ministry of Panchayati Raj
- Launched on: October 2018
- Aim: To strengthen the role of 31 lakh elected Panchayat leaders and 2.5 crores SHG Women under DAY-NRLM in effective gram sabha and to connect rural people to the mainstream while keeping in focus the principle of 'Sabka Saath Sabka Vikas'.
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3. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Grameen Kaushal Yojana:
- Launched by: GOI on 25 September 2014 by on the occasion of 98th birth anniversary of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya.
- Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development
- Aim: To target youth under the age group of 15–35 years. An amount of Rs 1500 crores has been provided for the scheme which will help in enhancing employability. The yojana is present in 21 States and Union Territories across 568 districts and 6215 blocks changing the lives of youth. Around 690 projects are being implemented by 300 partners. As per the government reports, over 2.7 lakh candidates have been trained till now and nearly 1.34 lakh candidates have been placed in jobs.
4. Roshni: Skill Development Scheme for Tribals:
- Launched by: GoI
- Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development
- Launched on: 7 June 2013
- Aim: To offer employment to tribal youth in 24 Naxal -affected districts. The scheme Roshni is aimed to provide training and employment to an anticipated 50,000 youth in the age group of 10-35 years, for a period of three years. As per the Ministry, 50 per cent of the beneficiaries of the scheme will be women only.
5. Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana:
- Launched by: The Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the birth anniversary of Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan
- Launched on: 11 October 2014
- Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development.
- Aim: Under this programme, each Member of Parliament will take the responsibility for developing physical and institutional infrastructure in three villages and look after the personal, human, social, environmental and economic development of the villages by 2019.
6. National Rural Livelihood Mission:
- Launched in: June 2011
- Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development
- Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana which is redesigned as National Rural Livelihood Mission. Also known as Ajeevika, the scheme was aided by World Bank and aimed at creating efficient and also effective institutional platforms for poor people. Aajeevika is aimed to empower the women’s self-help group model across the country. Under this scheme govt. provides loan up to 3 lakh rupee at the rate of 7% which could be lowered to 4% on the timely repayment.
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7. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS):
Came into Force: 2005
Mission: It aims to enhance livelihood
The act was first proposed in 1991 by P.V. Narasimha Rao
Introduced by: Raghuvansh Prasad Singh, Minister of Rural Development
Statement: security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work".
- Aim: National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005, was launched on the 2nd Feb.2006. Now, renamed as the "Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act" or, MGNREGA. This scheme is Indian labour law and social security measure that aims to provide ‘right to work' to the people falling Below Poverty Line. It guarantees 100 days of employment in a year to the village people. Fifty per cent are reserved for women. Its 90% of funding is borne by the central government and 10% by the state government.
8. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana:
- Launched on: December 25, 2000,
- Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development.
- Description: Initially, it was 100% centrally funded scheme, but after the recommendation of the 14th finance commission report the expenditure is now be shared by the centre and state at the ratio of 60:40.
- Aim: The main aim of this scheme was to provide road connectivity to the rural areas whose population is more than 500 persons and in hilly areas, it is 250 persons. Nearly 82% of roads have been built till December 2017 which have successfully connected several rural areas to cities. Remaining 47,000 habitations will also get connected by all-weather roads by March 2019.
9. Training to Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM)
- Started on: August 15, 1979
- Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development.
- Aim: Training to Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM) is a centrally sponsored programme. The main target of this scheme was to provide technical and business expertise to rural people living Below Poverty Line(BPL) in the age group of 18-35. Later on, this programme was merged with the Swarn Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna on April 1, 1999.
10. Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY):
- Launched by: The Former Prime Minister of India, Late Atal Bihari Vajpayee
- Launched on: 25 December 2000.
- Aim: The main objective of the scheme was to provide food grains to around 2 crores Below Poverty Line (BPL) families at a very subsidized rate. Under this scheme, a total of 35 kgs of food grains are provided to a family. Rice is provided at the rate of Rs. 3/kg and wheat at Rs.2/kg.
11. Village Grain Bank Scheme:
- Implemented by: The department of food and public distribution
- Objective: The objective of providing protection against the starvation during the period of natural calamity or during lean season when households do not have sufficient resources to purchase rations. Under this scheme, needy people will be able to borrow food grains from the village grain bank and return it when they have abundant food.
12. Aam Aadmi Bima Yojna:
- Launched on: October 2, 2007.
- Launched by: Government of India.
- Ministry: Ministry of Labour & Employment
- Description: It is a social security scheme for rural households. Under this scheme one member of the family is covered with a premium of Rs. 200 per person per annum which is shared by the state and central government. Also, the insured person need not pay any premium if his/her age is between the 18 years to 59 years.
13. National Rural Health Mission:
- Launched on: 12 April 2005
- Aim: The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), now initiated under National Health Mission, is a Central government's Mission which aims to provide accessible, affordable and accountable quality health services even to the poorest households of the rural areas. It is important to note that Accredited social health activists (ASHA) scheme is also operational under this scheme. It is run by the Ministry of health and family welfare.
14. Sarva Siksha Abhiyan:
- SSA has been operational since 2000-2001.
- Aim: The main aim to make free and compulsory education to children between the age group of 6 to 14 years, a fundamental right under "Right to education" related to the 86th Amendment to the Constitution of India. This programme was pioneered by former Indian Prime Minister Late Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Currently, its expenditure is shared by the centre and state into 50: 50 ratios.
15. Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Areas (PURA)
- PURA is a strategy for Rural Development in India, proposed by former President APJ Abdul Kalam in his book Target 3 billion.
- Focus: PURA focusses on providing urban infrastructure and services in rural areas. As this will prevent migration of people from rural areas to urban areas. The Central Government has been running PURA programs in various states since 2004.
16. Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (Gramin)/ Indira Awas Yojana
- Starting from 17th June 2015 to 31 st March 2022.
- Agenda: Housing for all by 2020
- Description: Indira Awas Yojana revamped as Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana in 2016 is a welfare programme created by the Indian Government to provide housing to rural poor people in India.
- Goal: The goal of this scheme is to provide a home to all citizens until 2022. The cost of constructing the houses will be shared by the centre and the state. The scheme has been implemented in rural areas throughout India, except in Delhi and Chandigarh. Houses developed under this scheme will have basic amenities such as toilet, electricity connection, drinking water connection, LPG connection etc. The allotted houses will be jointly under the name of husband and wife.
17. Prime Minister Arogya Yojana (PMAY G)
- Launch Date- 25 Sep 2018
- Launched By – Prime Minister Narendra Modi
- Aim: The objectives of the scheme are to reduce out of pocket hospitalisation expenses, fulfil unmet needs and improve access of identified families to quality inpatient care and surgeries. The scheme aims to provide annual health cover of Rs 5 lakh to 10.74 crore beneficiaries ‘families. Touted as the world’s biggest health insurance scheme which would benefit over 50 crore Indians.
18. Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
- Launched by: The Govt. of India
- The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), as a part of a poverty alleviation strategy to provide connectivity to unconnected Habitations. Govt. of India is trying to set high and uniform technical and management standards for facilitating development and planning at the State level to ensure sustainable management of the rural roads network.
- Description: As per the latest by the Governments of States under a survey to identify Core Network as part of the PMGSY programme, it has been estimated that 1.67 lakh Unconnected Habitations are eligible for coverage under the programme. This involves the construction of about 3.71 lakh kms. Of New Connectivity roads and 3.68 lakh km. eligible for upgradation.It is important to note the following achievements of State under PMGSY in the FY 2017-18.
19. DeenDayal Antiyodaya Yojana- National Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY-NRLM)
- Launched in: June 2011
- Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development
- DAY-NRLM is a poverty alleviation programme to promote self-employment and organization of rural poor. It was implemented by the Union Ministry of Rural Development with the objective of organizing the rural poor into SHGs and make them capable of self-employment. However, it has a special focus on women empowerment. NRLM set out with an agenda to cover 7 Crore rural households, spread across 600 districts, 6000 blocks, 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats and 6 lakh villages in the country through self-managed Self Help Groups (SHGs) in a period of 8-10 years.
20. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY)
- Launched by: The Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD)
- Launched on: Antyodaya Diwas i.e. 25th September 2014.
- Aim: Aims at adding diversity to the incomes of rural poor families and cater to the career aspirations of rural youth. In fact, DDU-GKY uniquely focuses on rural youth between the age group of 15 to 35 years coming from poor families. As a part of the Skill India campaign, it has played an important role in the social and economic programs of the government like Make In India, Digital India, Smart Cities and Start-Up India, Stand-Up India campaigns. Also, over 180 million or 69% of the country’s youth population between the age group of 18 to 34 years, live in rural areas. Of these, 55 million are found with marginal or no employment.
21. Rural Self Employment Training Institutes (RSETIs)
- Objective: The objective is to provide necessary skill training and skill up-gradation to the rural BPL youth in order to mitigate the unemployment problems.
- RSETIs are managed by various commercial banks with active co-operation from the Government of India and State Government.
- They are based on the concept RUDSETI (Rural Development and Self Employment Training Institute), a society established jointly by three agencies i.e. Syndicate Bank, Canara Bank and Sri Manjunatheswara Trust in Karnataka.
- Under this program, one RSETI is established in every district of the country where the concerned bank is the lead bank take responsibility for creating and managing it.
22. The National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP)
- Came into effect in: August 1995
- Plays a significant role in the fulfilment of the Directive Principles as mentioned in Article 41 of the Constitution.
- NSAP encompasses the following schemes:-
- Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS)
- Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS)
- Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS)
- National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS)
- Annapurna Scheme.
23. Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY)
- Launched on 11 October 2014
- Launched by the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi on the birth anniversary of Jayaprakash Narayan
- Aim: development in the villages which includes social development, cultural development and spread motivation among the people on social mobilization of the village community
- Provide rural India with quality access to basic amenities and opportunities.
- The outcomes will include 100% immunization, 100% institutional delivery, reduced IMR, MMR, reduction in malnutrition among children etc.
24. Gram Samridhi Evam Swachhta Pakhwada
- Conducted by: Central Government
- From: October 1 to October 15, 2018 in partnership with state governments,
- Aim: to give a boost to development activities in rural areas. The campaign focuses on educating villagers about hygiene and cleanliness through self-help groups, Anganwadi centres and schools, and conducting training programmes.
25. Prime Minister Rural Development Fellows Scheme
- Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) Government of India (GoI), implemented in collaboration with State Governments.
- Focus: The focus of the programme is on the reduction of poverty and improving the lives of people in rural India. The PMRDF programme was formally launched in September 2011 with the objectives of:
- providing short-term catalytic support to the district administration in IAP districts to improve programme delivery.
- developing a cadre of committed and competent development leaders and facilitators, who are available as a resource for rural development over the long term.
- engaging with many stakeholders such as the government, public sector institutions, and civil society actors in promoting the efficiency of social protection programmes.
26. Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana
- Launched by: Government of India
- Objective: To provide profitable employment and food to the rural poor. Under this scheme, the Government provides wages and food grain to those who live below the poverty line. In this article, we will look Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana in detail.
- The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) objectives are described in detail below.
- To provide additional and supplementary wage employment in the rural area.
- To provide food security and improve nutritional levels in all rural areas of our country.
- Creation of durable community, social & economic assets and infrastructural development in rural areas is a secondary objective of SGSY.
- For example in Kerala Yellow card is given for AAY family and in Telangana Pink ration card is used by AAY families.
27. Heritage Development and Augmentation Yojana
- Launched on: 21 January 2015
- Aim: With the aim of bringing together urban planning, economic growth and heritage conservation in an inclusive manner to preserve the heritage character of each Heritage City.
- The objectives of the scheme are:
- Planning, development and implementation of heritage-sensitive infrastructure
- Service Delivery and infrastructure provisioning in the core areas of the historic city
- Preserve and revitalise heritage wherein tourists can connect directly with city’s unique character
- Develop and document a heritage asset inventory of cities – natural, cultural, living and built heritage as a basis for urban planning, growth, service provision and delivery
- Implementation and enhancement of basic services delivery with a focus on sanitation services like public conveniences, toilets, water taps, street lights, with the use of latest technologies in improving tourist facilities/amenities.
- Local capacity enhancement for the inclusive heritage-based industry.
28. Swachchh Bharat Mission
- Description: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) or Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) is a nation-wide campaign in India for the period 2013 to 2019 that aims to clean up the streets, roads and infrastructure of India's cities, towns, and rural areas. The campaign's official name is in Hindi and translates to "Clean India Mission" in English.
- To bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the rural areas, by promoting cleanliness, hygiene and eliminating open defecation. To accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas to achieve the vision of Swachh Bharat by 2nd October 2019.
- Aim: The mission aims to cover 1.04 crore households, provide 2.5 lakh community toilets, 2.6 lakh public toilets, and a solid waste management facility in each town. Under the programme, community toilets will be built in residential areas where it is difficult to construct individual household toilets. Public toilets will also be constructed in designated locations such as tourist places, markets, bus stations, railway stations, etc. The programme will be implemented over a five-year period in 4,401 towns.
29. Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM)
- Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development
- Budget Outlay: Rs 5142.08 cr
- Aim: To transform the rural areas as growth engines for development to provide sustainable development and urban facilities in rural areas. This scheme aims at developing 300 clusters at village level till 2020. For selection of clusters in various states, a scientific method of cluster selection involves an objective analysis at the District, Sub District and Village level, of the demography, economy, tourism and pilgrimage significance and transportation corridor impact, based on this ministry will provide suggestive list to State Government, based on set principles State Government will then select clusters in District and Sub-district.
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